Garlic comes in a wide variety of varieties for every taste and color. It is divided into two types: winter and spring. Winter crops are planted for the winter, it gives a high yield, which is why a much larger number of gardeners prefer it. But in order to choose which variety of winter garlic to plant, you first need to understand a little about them.
General information about winter varieties of garlic
When choosing winter varieties of garlic, you should know several signs by which it can be determined:
- in the center of the head there is a rod, with teeth located around;
- the teeth are in one row;
- all teeth are the same;
- winter varieties give a large yield;
- there are arrows on which bulbs can then form.
Winter garlic is divided into two types:
- rifleman - the head of garlic consists of a ring of large cloves;
- non-shooting - consists of a large number of small teeth, which are arranged in a spiral.
To get a rich harvest, you should carefully choose the source material. This should be done taking into account certain factors:
- The presence of a root system at the bottom of the bulb, which should not crumble if you press on it.
- The bulb should be closed, with tightly closed teeth and covered with dry scales.
- The bottom should be tight.
Alcor
Bred "Alkor" Russian breeders. It is considered the highest-yielding variety. The amount of the crop, if all planting and care rules are followed, is 3-3.4 t / ha. The duration of the growing season is 85-95 days.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - from 4 to 6;
- taste - spicy, without a sharp aroma;
- weight - from 20 to 35 grams;
- planted from mid-September to early October;
- watering plentiful, 2-3 times a week.
Pests do not touch this variety, but "Alcor" can get yellow dwarfism - yellow stripes and deformation appear on the leaves, and the garlic itself grows slowly. Affected plants must be removed.
Sofievsky
This variety was developed in Ukraine. Sown it both in the spring and in the fall. It is considered to be frost-resistant and grows in moist loamy soils. The growing season lasts 110 days.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 8 to 10 pieces;
- the taste is spicy;
- weight - from 80 to 120 grams;
- can be stored for a long time if properly dried;
- need mineral fertilizers.
Lyubasha
It is a Ukrainian precocious variety with high productivity - up to 3.5 kg per 1 square meter. Able to tolerate the cold season. Plant height can reach up to 1.5 meters.
Specifications:
- weight - from 120 to 200 grams;
- the number of cloves - from 4 to 7;
- taste is spicy;
- able to be stored from 10 to 12 months in a dark place;
- planted in late September - early October;
- propagates with cloves, one-toothed bulb or air seeds.
Dubkovsky
Bred by Russian breeders, the variety belongs to the shooters and reproduces by means of air bulbs. The growing season lasts from 98 to 114 days. Prone to defeat white rot and nematode.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - 10-12;
- weight - from 28 to 32 grams;
- the taste is spicy;
- the pulp is dense;
- color - cream;
- productivity - 0.14-0.5 kg / sq. m.
Dobrynya
Differs in good keeping quality, high yield (2-2.5 kg), shows good resistance to the cold season, and can also resist fusarium disease. The growing season lasts from 123 to 129 days. Loamy, fertile soil of neutral acidity is suitable.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 10 to 12 pieces
- weight - about 55 grams;
- the taste is weak;
- can be stored for up to six months;
- watering - 2-3 times a week.
Rockambole
Rocambole belongs to the family of liliaceae. It has several names: onion-garlic, onion comb, Spanish and Egyptian, as well as a white elephant. The soil for planting should be loose and fertile and located on a hill so that no stagnant water occurs. Reproduction takes place by means of cloves. Store at home at room temperature.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 4 to 6 pieces;
- weight - from 100 to 300 grams;
- height - from 80 to 120 cm;
- the taste is less pungent;
- the pulp is juicy.
Zubrenok
It has a high level of productivity - 1.1 kg per square meter. The variety is resistant to fusarium. It is grown in open ground, the soil should be loamy, fertile. Unpretentious to care, sometimes the sun's rays are needed. Fertilized during the period of active growth. The growing season lasts from 87 to 99 days.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 4 to 7 pieces;
- weight - from 50 to 70 grams;
- the taste is spicy;
- the color of the pulp is white-pink;
- considered mid-season.
Komsomolets
It is a representative of the genus Onion and can be both spring and winter varieties of garlic. The growing season lasts from 110 to 120 days. It is necessary to plant in sunny areas, since in the shade it does not take root well and grows small. The soil should be well loosened, sandy loamy or loamy is suitable for planting.
Characteristic:
- number of cloves - from 6 to 10 pieces;
- weight - from 30 to 50 grams;
- taste - pungent, with a pungent odor;
- resistant to both heat and cold;
- the color of the teeth is purple;
- leaf size - from 30 to 40 cm;
- propagated by bulbs or aerial bulbs.
Sail
It belongs to a high-yielding and frost-resistant variety. Landing rules are standard. "Sail" is premature and harvested in June. The yield is 1-1.5 kg per 1 square meter.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 6 to 8 pieces;
- weight - about 40 grams;
- taste - pungent, with a pungent odor;
- the pulp is juicy and dense;
- leaves in length - 50 cm;
- stored for 6-8 months.
The healer
It was entered in the register of the Russian Federation in 2002. It is considered to be a winter variety, early maturing and non-shooting. The growing season is from 100 to 109 days. Differs in good winter hardiness and always gives a stable harvest.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 11 to 18;
- weight - from 36 to 65 grams;
- the taste is weak;
- can be stored for about 7 months;
- the color of dry scales is white, the color of fleshy is pale pink and faded purple;
- planted in the third decade of December.
Bashkir 85
It was brought out by scientists from the Bashkir Research Institute and the Ufa stronghold of the All-Russian Research Institute. It is grown by teeth and bulbs. A variety is a shooter. The growing season is 85 to 91 days. Productivity - 0.7 kg per square meter.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 4 to 5 pieces;
- weight - 64 grams;
- the taste is spicy;
- dense pulp;
- color - purple;
- resistant to bacterial rot and peronosporosis.
Podmoskovny
It is resistant to cold and disease. The variety is mid-season, arrowed. Propagated by teeth, one-toothed teeth and seeds. The growing season is 112 days. The yield is up to 1.9 kg per square meter. Needs fertilizing with nitrogen fertilizers.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - from 5 to 7 pieces;
- weight - up to 60 grams;
- the taste is very spicy;
- can be stored for a long time;
- cream-colored pulp;
- watering - weekly.
Azure
Grown in suburban areas, refers to mid-season and shooter. The yield is low - 0.7 kg per square meter. Before planting, it is necessary to thoroughly prepare the soil - dig up and add compost, phosphate and potassium fertilizers.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - 5-6 pieces;
- weight - up to 60 grams;
- the taste is very spicy;
- the pulp is white;
- storage time - 6 months;
- stable harvest;
- unpretentiousness to care.
Losevsky
Designed for planting in vegetable gardens. It is a mid-season, non-shooting species with good frost resistance. The growing season is 105 to 115 days. Yields can start from 1.3 kg to 2.5 kg per square meter.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - 4-5 pieces;
- weight - up to 75 grams;
- the taste is spicy enough;
- shelf life - no more than six months.
Spas
Also applies to Ukrainian varieties of garlic. Resistant to low temperatures and diseases. It can adapt to any soil and climatic conditions. Crop size - up to 4 kg per 1 square meter.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - from 7 to 10;
- bulb mass - from 60 to 100 grams;
- taste is spicy;
- pulp - creamy and juicy;
- store in a cool place.
Chechen
Average ripening period. The vegetative period is 80 to 85 days. Before frost, the soil should be fertilized with peat or humus, and stored in a well-ventilated area.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 4 to 8 pieces;
- weight - from 50 to 120 grams;
- taste is spicy;
- shape - round and round-flat;
- high resistance to decay.
Rusich
Winter-hardy variety of medium maturity. It is considered an unpretentious variety, which under favorable conditions brings up to 2.5 kg per square meter.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 5 to 7 pieces;
- weight - from 70 to 100 grams;
- taste - peninsular;
- pulp - fragrant, creamy and juicy;
- the outer scales are white and yellow; the inner scales are brown.
Stallion
This garlic variety is not listed in the state register, it is grown only by amateurs, and the name is given to it corresponding to its characteristics - the variety is hardy, patient and productive. Ripening times are average.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - 5-6 pieces;
- weight - up to 20 grams;
- the taste is spicy;
- color - white with purple;
- well kept until January, without losing weight.
Reliable
A universal winter variety, it is frost-resistant. It is considered mid-season, and the growing season lasts from 99 to 122 days.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - from 4 to 7 pieces;
- weight - from 55 to 75 grams;
- taste - intense spicy;
- can be stored for a long time;
- productivity - 1.3 kg;
- resistant to disease.
Sagittarius
It is a mid-season shoot variety. Resistant to cold weather, the yield is up to 2.0 kg per square meter. It can be stored for a long time, but over time it begins to dry out.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 5 to 7;
- weight - up to 65 grams;
- taste is spicy;
- shape - round-flat;
- the pulp is white;
- dry scales - lilac-purple, leathery - brown;
- storage period - six months.
Caesar
Mid-season, arrowhead plant. Low yield level - 0.9 kg per square meter. Rot-resistant bottom. Bulbs vary greatly in weight. The vegetative period is from 105 to 115 days.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - 4-5 pieces;
- weight - from 39 to 54 grams;
- the taste is semi-sharp;
- shelf life - six months;
- the shape of the bulb is rounded flat;
- integumentary scales are dirty gray with violet stripes.
In memory of Ershov
It is entered in the state register in 2006. Mid-season variety, non-shooting. It is considered productive (yield - 1.9 kg per square meter). Cold resistance.
Characteristic:
- number of cloves - up to 20 pieces;
- weight - 55 grams;
- taste - peninsular;
- short shelf life - up to 5 months.
- the pulp is white;
- leathery scales - leucorrhoea.
Titanium
Refers to large-fruited and medium-late, shooting varieties. Grow it in open ground in the middle lane. The vegetative period is from 100 to 115 days. The yield is up to 1.9 kg, and the shelf life is 5-6 months. The variety is renewed independently by sowing the bulbs every 3-5 years. For the best yield, the soil should be enriched with potash fertilizers.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves is about 6;
- weight - up to 150 grams;
- the taste is spicy;
- the pulp is juicy;
- color of integumentary scales - violet-lilac;
- planted from late September to early November.
Moskal
Was bred in Ukraine. Refers to high-yielding, but not stored for long.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - 4-5 pieces;
- weight - lot 80 to 100 grams;
- the taste is spicy;
- the pulp is white and juicy;
- husk color - lilac-white;
- shelf life is 5-6 months.
Alekseevsky giant
It is considered one of the best. It was bred in 1998. It gives record yields, is resistant to diseases, in particular, to fusarium. The heads, one-teeth and bulbs are preserved in the winter.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - 4-5 pieces;
- weight - up to 180 grams;
- taste - spicy, but sweetish;
- oblong shape;
- outer scales are gray-white.
Casablanca
Was bred in Holland. Belongs to large types of garlic. Its advantages include long-term storage, high commercial quality and yield up to 55-60 tons per hectare, as well as resistance to some diseases.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 8 to 12 pieces;
- weight - up to 200 grams;
- scales are white.
Broadleaf 220
The variety was bred at the Krasnodar Research Institute, and approved for use in 1962. Belongs to early ripening, non-shooting and is appreciated for its high resistance to cold weather. The growing season is 97 to 118 days. The yield is low - 0.35 kg per square meter.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 8 to 10 pieces;
- taste - peninsular;
- color - white, on the sides - pale pink or yellow;
- the variety is resistant to fusarium and is susceptible to rust;
- shape - pointed.
Messidor
Messidor was brought out by collectors from Holland. It is considered a standard, early maturing variety that is prone to shooting and disease resistant. Refers to high-yielding varieties, but depending on the chosen soil and planting site - give preference to bright places with fertile loamy or sandy loam soil, which must be drained.
Specifications:
- number of cloves - from 6 to 10 pieces;
- color - white, with a pinkish tinge;
- it is necessary to water twice a month;
- leaf height - up to 40 cm;
- the taste is spicy.
Tien Shan
A rare, coarse-grained variety. It is arrow-headed and late-ripening. Differs in a high level of preservation. The vegetative period is about 110 days. It can multiply by air bulbs. Productivity - from 3 to 4 kg per square meter. The variety was sectioned at the Krasnodar vegetable station.
Specifications:
- the number of cloves - from 5 to 10 pieces;
- weight - up to 120 grams;
- shape - round-flat;
- covering - violet-beige or brown.
- planting takes place from mid-October to early November.
Growers prefer to plant several varieties of winter garlic, as each variety has its own pros and cons. If a person is just starting to deal with this issue, he should choose those varieties of garlic that are unpretentious in care, which will help not to lose the crop when the time comes to pick it.
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