Pumpkin “Rossiyanka” is a productive variety that attracts our gardeners with large, bright orange fruits with sweet flesh. We learn how to plant and grow this large-fruited pumpkin, and how to achieve high yields.
Pumpkin "Russian woman" is resistant to disease
Pumpkin "Russian woman"
Pumpkin "Russian woman" has a pleasant taste and aroma
Description and description of the pumpkin "Russian woman"
"Russian" is a large-fruited, self-pollinated variety of early ripening. Good agrotechnical characteristics made this pumpkin one of the most popular in Russia.
A brief description of the pumpkin "Russian woman":
- Plant. Climbing, compact. The main stem grows to 3 m in length. From him branch from 3 to 4 side lashes. The length of the lashes is 7-8 m. The stem is round, pubescent with hard hairs.
- Leaves. Large, light green.
- The roots Powerful, go to the ground to a depth of 2.5 m. The roots grow to the sides by 4 m.
- Flowers. Large, yellow-orange.
- Fruit. Large, palmate form. The bark is fragile, smooth, glossy. The pulp is friable, juicy, orange in color, without fibers. The skin and pulp are the same color. The seeds are whitish in color, smooth. The taste of the pulp is sweetish, the aroma is melon.
Growing regions
The Rossiyanka variety was bred by Russian breeders specifically for cultivation in adverse climatic conditions. The variety was included in the State Register in 1999.
Pumpkin "Russian woman" is recommended for the following regions:
- Volga-Vyatka.
- East Siberian.
- Central.
- Far Eastern.
The variety is grown almost throughout the territory of the Russian Federation - in the North-West, in Siberia, in the Urals. Due to the early ripening, this variety can be grown in regions with a short summer.
Ripening time
Pumpkin "Russian" is a mid-season variety. The ripening period - from emergence to full ripening, is 90-100 days. Ripening dates depend on the time of planting - they are individual for each region.
Productivity
Variety "Russian woman" is characterized by high productivity. If you properly take care of the plantings, then from one bush you can collect 20-25 kg of fruit. With large-scale cultivation from 1 ha, up to 30-35 tons of pumpkins are harvested.
The average weight of one fetus is 3.5-4 kg. There are also record-breaking pumpkins - some gardeners managed to grow fruits weighing 30 kg or more.
Disease and pest resistance
The variety "Russian woman" is characterized by medium resistance to diseases and pests. Especially often, this pumpkin is affected by aphids and fungal diseases, which are fought with chemicals and folk remedies.
The purpose of the variety
The fruits are versatile and tasty, they are used to prepare a wide variety of dishes - cereals, juices, salads, soups, pastries. The pulp is tender, smells like a melon.
The pulp is rich in fats, proteins, carbohydrates, B vitamins, PP, C, carotenoids. It contains many salts of calcium, iron, magnesium, contains trace elements - copper, zinc, cobalt. Suitable for diet food.
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
The advantages of the Rossiyanka variety include:
- Stably high yields.
- Great taste.
- Long-term storage.
- Pleasant taste and aroma.
- Fruits of the same size.
- Disease resistance.
- It tolerates transportation well.
This variety has practically no drawbacks, unless substandard seeds are often found - empty or deformed.
Culture cultivation
Pumpkin is grown in two ways - seedlings and direct sowing of seeds in the ground. Seedling method is popular in regions with late spring and short summer. The second option, sowing in soil, is used mainly in the southern regions of the Russian Federation.
Seeding time
The term for sowing seeds depends on the climatic zone and method of cultivation:
- Seeds are sown at a soil temperature of +15 ° C. At lower temperatures, the seeds will not germinate.
- Seeds for seedlings are sown so that after 20-25 days it can be planted in open ground.
- In the middle lane, sowing begins in mid-May, in regions with a more severe climate - in the last decade of May. In the southern regions, sowing is carried out in April.
Seed preparation
Pumpkin seeds have a very dense shell, so it is recommended to soak them before planting:
- Wrap the seeds in a cloth dampened with water.
- Moisten the fabric from time to time. Temperature - room.
- When the seeds hatch, place them in the refrigerator. This will be a good hardening, which increases the resistance to cold in adult plants.
Growing seedlings
Due to the sensitivity of the roots, pumpkin does not tolerate transplants. To relieve the plant from stress, its seedlings are grown in peat pots with a diameter of 10 cm, then the seedlings are moved to the open ground with the container.
When buying peat pots, pay attention to their composition - it should be indicated on the package. The product should be from 50% peat. If the pots are cheap, they include compressed paper. In fake pots, seedlings grow poorly, and when transplanted, they often die.
If there are no peat pots, ordinary containers are prepared. They are filled with purchased universal soil or a mixture of peat and sand is prepared (1: 1). No fertilizer is needed.
The procedure for sowing and growing pumpkin seedlings:
- Moisten the soil before planting.
- In each pot, plant 2 seeds. Deepen them by 2 cm, sprinkle with soil and compact, so that the seeds do not sprout together with a shell that impedes the development of seedlings.
- Cover the pots with something transparent - film, glass. The optimum temperature is from +23 to +25 ° C.
- When shoots appear, on the 4th-5th day of sowing, choose the strongest of the two. Remove the second.
- Remove the film / glass and lower the air temperature to + 18- + 20 ° C so that the sprouts do not stretch and the root system develops intensely.
- Water seedlings as the soil dries. The approximate frequency of watering is 1 time per week.
- A few days after germination, the temperature must again be raised to + 20- + 22 ° C.
- After 20-25 days, if weather conditions permit, seedlings can be planted in the ground.
To seedlings grow better, it is fed several times. First, liquid organic fertilizers are applied, then mineral fertilizers.
Soil preparation rules
Pumpkin loves loose, fertile, well-warmed soils. Worst of all, the culture grows on moist clay and acidic soils.
Soil preparation procedure:
- In the autumn, dig a plot prepared for planting pumpkins. Digging depth - 20 cm.
- Pip out 5 kg of humus, 30 g of superphosphate and 15 g of potassium chloride per 1 sq. m. If there is no humus, it can be replaced with manure (per 1 sq. m - 7 kg).
- To add soil looseness, apply per 1 sq. m in a bucket of sand and peat. In acidic soils, add wood ash - about 1 liter.
- It is not necessary to dig the soil in the spring, it is enough to loosen it, remove weeds and pour hot water.
- The soil is leveled with a rake in March, and in this state it should be until May - before planting seedlings.
If the soil is not prepared in the fall, dig it two days before planting - half a spade bayonet, add 20 g of ammonium nitrate per 1 square. m and make holes.
Pumpkin grows well after potatoes, onions, legumes, root crops. It is not recommended to plant it after cucumbers, zucchini, melons and watermelons.
A step-by-step scheme for planting pumpkin seedlings in the ground
Only healthy and strong seedlings are planted in the ground, its signs:
- stalk - short, thick, strong;
- internodes are short;
- three developed true leaves of deep green color.
Landing procedure:
- Dig holes in advance. Depth - 8-10 cm. Between adjacent holes - 80 cm. The distance between the rows is 1.5-2 m.
- Water the seedlings the day before planting so that it is easier to extract from the glasses. If seedlings are grown in peat pots, it is not necessary to water it in advance.
- Start landing in the evening. Carefully remove the seedlings from the planting containers and transfer to the wells. Try not to damage the roots. In seedlings in peat pots, move the seedlings into the pits along with the container.
- Deepen the seedlings to cotyledon leaves.
- Pour plenty of warm water.
- Sprinkle with soil and mulch - with hay bale, straw section, sawdust.
- Around the holes, make sides so that watering does not flow when watering. Some gardeners use old tires instead of rims.
- If you are not sure about the night temperatures, cover the plantings with foil - until stable heat sets in.
Planting seeds in open ground
For planting pumpkins in open ground with seeds, the wells are prepared in the same way as for seedlings - 80 cm between bushes and 1.5-2 m between rows.
The order of sowing pumpkin seeds:
- Pour 5 liters of water into each well. When absorbed, you can begin to land.
- Put 3-4 sprouted and seasoned seeds in one hole. Place the seeds with their spouts down.
- The embedment depth is 7-8 cm. If the soil is heavy, the embedment depth is reduced to 4 cm.
- Sprinkle the holes with mulch - humus or peat. Layer thickness - 2 cm.
- To shoots appeared faster, cover the planting with a film with small slots. At the same time, a shelter will protect crops from frost.
- When the shoots appear, remove the excess - you need to leave only one sprout in the hole, the strongest and healthiest.
Near the pumpkin, you can plant corn and legumes. But zucchini and cucumbers are planted as far as possible, otherwise pollination will worsen the taste of the fruit.
Pumpkin care "Russian woman"
The Rossiyanka variety is unpretentious and does not require special care. Growing involves the implementation of standard activities. The only caveat in the care is the obligatory pinching of the lashes.
Features of watering
Watering is the most important agricultural measure in pumpkin care. Large leaves of the plant - a factor that enhances the evaporation of moisture. The plant needs regular watering.
Features of watering varieties "Russian woman":
- The norm of water after planting per 1 square. m - 3-4 liters. When the pumpkin grows, the norm increases to 6-8 liters, then - up to 10 liters.
- If there is no rain, then the frequency of watering is 2 times a week.
- Water the pumpkin only with warm and settled water.
- Water should not fall on leaves and stems.
- Watering is especially important during periods of flowering and fruit formation.
- During fruiting, watering is reduced to once a week. This will allow the fruits to accumulate more sugars and form a strong crust.
Water scarcity leads to crushing of pumpkin fruits.
After watering, the soil is loosened and weeds are weeded. Loosening depth - 5-6 cm.
Feeding
The amount of pumpkin dressing depends on the characteristics of the soil. Two fertilization per season will be sufficient for fertile soil, 3-4 fertilizers should be depleted.
Dates and features of feeding pumpkin:
- The first time fertilizer is applied in the phase of 5-6 leaves. You can feed the plants with biohumus or any other organic matter.
- The second - during the active growth of the lashes.
- Further top dressing is done every two weeks.
- It is recommended to alternate mineral and organic fertilizers.
- At the beginning of fruiting make wood ash. For one hole - 80-100 g.
Applied dressings:
- Organic Thanks to them, the acidity of the soil decreases, its microflora improves. For 1 plant spend 1-2 liters of liquid organic fertilizers. To prepare the solution, manure, humus or mullein with water 1:10 are bred. It is important that liquid fertilizer does not get on the leaves.
- Mineral It is important to alternate different fertilizers in order to prevent an overabundance of one or another element. Mineral fertilizers are recommended to be applied during flowering and during fruit ripening. The composition of mineral dressings:
- The first mineral top dressing is a solution of ammofoski and urea (15 g per 10 l of water).
- The second top dressing is a complex of superphosphate and phosphate fertilizers. Take 20 g of each product in 10 liters of water.
- The third top dressing is a solution of potassium sulfate. 30-40 g are diluted in 10 l of water.
Bushes
When 1-2 fruits of at least 10 cm in diameter are formed on the main stem, it must be nipped. Then pinch the lateral processes - their length should not exceed 50-60 cm.
Rules for forming a bush:
- After each fruit, 4-6 leaves should remain.
- In order for the fruits to be large, no more than 5 ovaries should remain.
- Pinching is done in the morning.
- Tool - secateurs, knife, scissors.
- Stepsons are removed at the same time as pruning.
- Excess leaves are removed so that there is no shading of the fruit.
Pollination of bushes
If it rains during the flowering period, pollination problems may occur. Then the gardener should help the plants:
- Tear off male flowers.
- Gently touch male flowers to female.
The male flower differs from the female flower in a high thin stalk and lack of compaction - the ovary.
How to collect and store crops?
Pumpkins are harvested after they reach biological maturity. Harvesting dates depend on the growing region and current weather. In most regions, harvesting begins in September. The main condition is to remove the fruits to frost.
In cleaning, they focus more on the state of pumpkins, rather than on a calendar. The ripeness of the fruit is determined by their appearance and condition of the whole plant:
- yellowed and dried leaves;
- dried stalk;
- bright orange peel;
- hard crust.
Cleaning Features:
- pumpkins are harvested in dry weather;
- the fruits are carefully separated from the stems without damaging the peel;
- stem length - 5-6 cm;
- immediately after harvesting, the fruit is dried in the sun, if the weather is good - in the open, in rainy - in a dry room.
Storage conditions:
- Only healthy, undamaged pumpkins are laid for storage. They must have a whole stalk. Instances with dents and other injuries should be eaten as soon as possible - they are not suitable for long-term storage.
- It is best to store pumpkins in a ventilated cellar or basement.
- Optimum storage temperature - from +3 to +10 ° C. Humidity - 60-85%.
- The fruits are laid out on shelves or racks up with the stalks - on top of the straw litter.
- Neighboring pumpkins should not touch each other.
- It is not recommended to store fruits near the pumpkin - the ethylene that they secrete harms the storage of fruits.
During storage, the fruits of the pumpkin ripen - the sugar content grows in them, they taste much better than immediately after harvesting. The “Russian woman” pulp reaches the peak of sweetness by December.
Diseases and pests: symptoms, control, prevention
The variety "Russian woman" is affected by powdery mildew, anthracnose, root rot, bacteriosis and other fungal diseases. The treatment tactics for all diseases are the same - timely spraying with appropriate fungicides and the destruction of the affected parts of the plant.
Diseases and pests of the Rossiyanka pumpkin:
Diseases / Pests | Symptoms / harm | How to fight? |
Root rot | Rotting of the roots leads to the death of the bush. | Preventively sprayed with a solution of copper sulfate or ash. |
Tobacco mosaic | Spots on leaves and stems. | Spray Bordeaux liquid or "Fundazole". |
Bacteriosis | On the leaves there are spots, the fruits are soft. | Spray with copper oxychloride. |
Powdery mildew | A whitish coating on the leaves and stems. | Processed landing "Topaz". |
Gourd aphids | On the plant, pests live in colonies, suck the juice from leaves, inflorescences and stems. The leaves are twisted, the plant weakens and often dies. | For spraying, folk remedies are used - infusion of wormwood, soap solution, a decoction of onion husks. Or sprayed with chemical preparations - "Karbofos", "Actellic." |
Preventive measures against diseases and pests:
- Weeds are pulled out in time, regularly weeding the area.
- Reliable planting material is planted.
- Do not exceed the norm and frequency of irrigation.
- Avoid an overdose of nitrogen fertilizers.
- Observe crop rotation.
Possible difficulties
When growing "Russian woman" the following difficulties are possible:
- If you do not pinch in time, many small pumpkins appear on the bushes. Due to lack of nutrition, they do not have time to grow or ripen. The solution to the problem is the timely formation of a bush.
- If you uncontrolledly apply mineral fertilizers, you can harm the plant. Due to an overabundance of nitrogen, the fruits wither, so you need to be careful when adding calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate and other nitrogen-containing fertilizers. The solution is the alternation of organics and mineral fertilizers, compliance with the dosage.
Tips from experienced gardeners
Gardeners with experience growing pumpkins give the following tips to get rich yields:
- Reduce the acidity of the soil by introducing lime and wood ash into it.
- Plant only sprouted seeds in the ground.
- Plant a pumpkin on beds raised above the ground.
- Planting seedlings in calm cloudless weather.
- Water the plantings with heated water; it should not be colder than +20 ° C.
- Spray plants with whey diluted in water.
Farmers reviews about the variety
Svetlana, 30 years old, amateur gardener, Belorechensk. The variety is very tasty. I plant directly in the holes with seeds. Baked - like sweet carrots. Pumpkins grow to 4.5 kg. From the bush you get up to 25 kg Pumpkins are stored at least until December.
Peter, 45 years old, summer resident, Kashira. The first time I planted pumpkins, and it turned out to be a variety of "Russian woman". For some reason, the bush grew for a long time, the fruits were tied up only at the end of July. He fed with mullein, left two lashes on the bush - there were 2 pumpkins on each. Grew up to 4 kg. I think that growth retardation is due to the fact that I did not use superphosphate in time.
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Growing pumpkins "Russian women" is an activity that does not require large expenditures of time and money. Large and stable yields, excellent presentation, good keeping quality and excellent taste make this variety profitable for cultivation, both for their own needs and for sale.
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