Yellow plums are inferior in popularity to traditional blue varieties. But thanks to sweetness, productivity and unpretentiousness, varieties of yellow plums confidently master gardens and household plots in different regions of Russia. We will find out which varieties of yellow plums are grown by our gardeners, and what are the features of agricultural technology of yellow-fruited varieties.
Features of Yellow Plum
Yellow plum, being a hybrid variety of garden plum, is grown almost similarly to its blue and red counterparts. The breeders received the yellow subspecies of plums by crossing cultural plum and wild plum / turn. There are also varieties obtained as a result of artificial selection.
As a result of the crossing of a cultivated and wild fruit tree, the result is a form that is resistant to extreme growing conditions, hardy and unpretentious. At the same time, yellow plums are extremely sweet, they are tasty fresh and in the blanks - this is an excellent raw material for sweet preservation.
Advantages and features of yellow plum:
- The tree is lower than the blue / red plum varieties. Maximum height - 7 m.
- Among yellow plums, there are many self-pollinated varieties, but in the presence of pollinators, productivity increases significantly.
Yellow plums are a low-calorie fruit widely used in weight loss diets. In 100 g of pulp - 44 kcal or 181 kJ. This is 2% of the daily norm.
Popular plum varieties
On the market, yellow plum is represented by dozens of varieties with different ripening dates, yield and other characteristics. The fruits of yellow plums differ:
- dimensions (range - 18-50 mm in diameter);
- taste characteristics;
- pulp structure, water content, etc.
Altai anniversary
Mid-early small-fruited variety. The main color is yellow-orange with a bright red blush. The tree is medium or tall - 3-5 m, bears fruit in the third year of planting. The variety is self-fertile. The average yield is 30 kg per tree. Desirable pollinators - Bluefrey or Honey.
The fruits are very tasty, weigh 14-18 g. Diameter - 2.8 cm. The pulp is yellow, the skin is thin. If the summer is sunny, a red-pink blush appears on the yellow skin. Moreover, redness can spread over the entire surface of the fetus - so that the yellow color is not visible. Very frost-resistant variety suitable for cultivation outside the Urals. The variety is resistant to clastosporiosis. Cons - instability of fruiting, damaged by the eater, low drought tolerance and transportability.
Yellow honey
Large-fruited variety with early ripening. The first plums are harvested already in the third year of planting a seedling. The variety was bred in the 50s by Ukrainian breeders. The trees are tall, with spreading crowns, reach a height of 7 m. The interval with neighboring trees is from 3 m. Pollinators - Renklod Kuybyshevsky or Vengerka. The crop ripens in mid-July or August - depending on the region. The first crop is in the third year of planting. One tree brings about 40 kg of plums.
Fruits are spherical, weigh 40-55 g. The skin is dense, yellow. The pulp is the same color. On the palate - specific sourness. Very tasty, aromatic, tasting rating - 4.5 points. The variety is adapted to cold and drought. The purpose is universal. Winter hardiness is high - up to minus 30 ° С. Confident immunity to most plum diseases. Cons - self-fertility and a large tree height, making it difficult to care and harvest.
Early
An early variety of yellow Chinese plum. Bred in the 60s of the last century. Trees of medium height with fan-shaped or rounded-sprawling crowns. The fruits ripen in July-August. About 10 kg of plums are collected from the tree. The first crop is for the 3-4th year. Optimum pollinators - Cherry plum hybrid and Red ball.
Dessert variety, with medium-sized fruits. Weight - 25 g. The main color of the plum is yellow, the integumentary color is reddish. On a tree, fruits are usually colored with different intensities. The yellow, juicy, fine fiber pulp has a strong aroma and sweet and sour taste. The rating of tasters is 4.5. Carries a satisfactory transfer. Very high frost resistance - up to minus 40 ° С. Drought tolerance is also high. Resistance to diseases is moderate, not affected by kleasterosporiosis. The disadvantage is the frequency of the crop. Every 2-3 years - a break in fruiting.
Yellow ball
This early variety belongs to the Chinese plum subspecies. It blooms and matures early. The tree grows up to 3-4 m, during fruiting it is strewn with yellow plums that are tightly adjacent to the branches - they have very short petioles. From afar, a tree looks like sea buckthorn with very large fruits. The variety is hasty - it yields a crop by the third year of planting. Desirable pollinators - cherry plum hybrid or Rapid yellow plum. Harvest from a tree - 15 kg.
The fruits are yellow, numerous. With a dense skin. Weight - 40-60 g. Taste pleasant - reminds a peach and pineapple. Highest frost resistance - up to minus 50 ° С. Exceptional keeping quality. When transported, they do not spoil, do not let the juice and do not rot. Cons - low resistance to droughts, rooting of the neck of the neck, fading with heavy crops. Due to the large weight and the number of fruits, the tree has to help - propping up the branches.
Yellow hopts
Yellow Chinese plum, bred in the 30s of the last century in the Far East. Tall tree with a spreading crown. The harvest ripens in late August and early September. Fruits in the 4th year when planting annual seedlings. The average harvest from a tree is 12 kg.
The fruits are medium-sized, roundish, slightly flattened weighing 12-14 g. Maximum - 20 g. There is a pronounced groove seam. The loose, juicy pulp has a sweet-sour taste. The aroma is not strong, the taste is good. The fruit has a thin peel, the taste is bitter, remaining in the workpieces. Winter hardiness is high, adaptive abilities allow the variety to grow almost throughout the country. Resistant to claustosporiosis.
The variety is poorly transported - plums quickly lose their visual appeal and other commercial qualities. Another disadvantage is baking and self-fertility. Damaged by the eater.
Golden large
Late-ripening, partially self-fertile plum. Ripens in September. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is pyramidal. The variety belongs to the high-yielding - the branches of the tree are strewn with rounded fruits, tightly adjacent to the branches. As pollinators, it is recommended to use the Mirny plum or the Volga beauty plum. Remove up to 27 kg of plums from a tree. Fruiting - on the 4th year.
The fruits are large, yellow with ruddy sides, weighing about 40 g. The tender flesh has a sweet and sour taste. Assessment of tasters - 4.8 points. The surface of the fruit is covered with a slight waxy coating. Sufficiently frost-resistant variety, resistant to drought and disease. It tolerates spring return frosts. They are stored in the refrigerator for up to one and a half months. The variety is suitable for gardens with intensive cultivation.
Kompotnaya
It differs in a bushy shape. Height - up to 3 m, with neat, slightly raised crowns. The first harvest is for 4-5 years of life. 15-20 kg of plums grow on a tree. Fruits are tightly placed on branches.
The fruits are yellow, round, medium sized, one-dimensional, weigh about 20-30 g. Outwardly, they remind cherry plum. The taste is sweet and sour, the flesh is yellow. Advantages - stable productivity, resistance to drought and frost, diseases and pests.
Morning
Early high-grade variety. Pollinators are not needed. The harvest ripens in early August. Fruiting - on the 4th year. The maximum yield is 30 kg, the average is 15 kg per tree. The tree has been living for about 20 years.
The fruits are medium and large. Weight - 20-30 g. Maximum - 40 g. Oval plums are painted in yellow-green color. The variety is relatively disease resistant and stably harvested. Minus - ripe fruits are difficult to distinguish from unripe. Another disadvantage is the low winter hardiness; flower frosts are severely affected by frosts. The variety is suitable for industrial purposes, but is not suitable for intensive cultivation.
Memory Timiryazev
The variety is late ripe, self-fertile. Harvested in late August. Tree height - up to 3 m. Crowns of medium density. Fruiting only in the 4th year. On one tree grows up to 35 kg. Pollinators are recommended to increase yields.
Plums are oval, large. The main color of the fruit is bright yellow, and the integumentary is pink-red. Under the skin are many dots. The seam on the side is barely noticeable. There is a wax coating. Fine-grained pulp, not very juicy, sweet and sour, weak aroma. The stalks are short. Excellent transportability, well kept. Satisfactory immunity, moderate drought tolerance, high transportability, good keeping quality, universal purpose. Cons - the frequency of fruiting.
Ochakov yellow
This is an old medium late variety. The fruits ripen in late August or early September. The trees are medium-sized, with narrow pyramidal crowns. Height - up to 4 m. A self-infertile variety often lags in flowering due to the lack of pollinators. Recommended varieties are Greengage Green and Greenland Ulena. 40-80 kg of plums grow on a tree.
Fruits are oblong-round in shape, medium in size - 20-30 g. The skin is yellowish-greenish. Exceptionally tender and juicy plums. The ripening is friendly, but the fruits, ripening, quickly fall, and if the weather is rainy - they crack. Cons - relative exactingness to growing conditions, low frost resistance. The variety often freezes, but quickly recovers.
Minsk
Late self-infertile variety. The trees are vigorous, with dense rounded crowns. On an adult tree, up to 30 kg of plums are collected. Fruiting occurs only 6 years after planting a seedling. The tree reaches its peak yield only in the 10th year after planting.
The fruit has an ovoid shape, weight - 35-55 g. Color - light yellow, the flesh is also yellow, juicy, sweet. Winter hardiness is good. Minus - irregular fruiting and low early maturity.
Svetlana
The variety is late ripening. Harvesting in the first decade of September. The tree is medium-sized, with a medium-thick crown. Desirable pollinators are the memory of Finaev and Zhiguli. Productivity reaches a peak by 10 years - 30 kg.
The fruits are yellow, round, irregular in shape. Medium. The average weight is 25 g, the maximum is 35 g. The pulp has a delicate structure and a sweet and sour taste. Waxed surface. Frost resistance is good, frost resistance of flowers to spring frosts is average. Minus - a tendency to gumming, the bones are poorly separated from the pulp. The main pest is the moth. Drought tolerance is medium.
Early Loshitskaya
Early ripe self-fertile grade. Collection from a tree - 25-30 kg. Fruiting begins on the 4th year after planting.
Plums of medium size. Weight - 35 g. The pulp is juicy, soft sweet, with a slight acidity. On the palate - honey notes. The color of the fruit is yellow-greenish, with a slight blush. Winter hardiness is high.
Tatar yellow
The trees are medium-sized, with wide-oval crowns of medium density. Gives a harvest for the 4th year. Harvested in late August. Pollinators - Tenkovskaya blue, Rakitovaya, Sineglazka.
The variety is small-fruited, the weight of plums is not more than 15 g. The form is wide oval. The fruits are yellow, asymmetrical, with a waxy coating. The skin is thin, the flesh is yellow, of medium juiciness, with a sweet and sour taste. The variety tolerates drought well. Minus - low resistance to pests and diseases. Ripe plums tend to fall. After harvesting, the fruits are stored for about 10 days.
Egg yellow
Late-ripening variety with characteristic ovoid fruits. In addition to the yellow variety, there is also a blue and red egg plum. The tree is tall - up to 6 m. Fruiting - for 5-7 years. Ripening - early to mid-September. If the tree is well maintained, you can collect up to 40 kg of plums from it.
The fruits are quite large - 20-30 g, but are not very tasty. It tastes a lot of acid. The variety does not like dampness - in wet weather, plums rot. Drought-resistant and frost-resistant variety. Poorly stored - no more than a week. This is one of the oldest varieties, so it has many shortcomings, in particular it is unstable to fungal infections.
Landing rules
Plum can be planted in autumn or spring. In any case, the landing procedure is the same, with the exception of small nuances. If the landing is done in the fall, then the site is prepared in two weeks, no later. If the landing is spring, then the soil and even the pit is prepared in the fall. Spring planting is carried out after the end of return frosts, autumn - a month and a half before frosts.
Yellow-fruited plums are able to bear fruit wherever they manage to winter, safely bloom and have time to produce crops. The shorter the summer and the harsher the winter, the more difficult it is to grow a yellow plum.
Requirements for the place of planting of yellow plum:
- The optimal location on the site is the south or southwest side.
- Preferred southern gentle slopes with good lighting, warming and aeration. A good option is planting on the south side, as a hedge.
- If the site is located in a lowland, seedlings are planted on hillocks 0.5 m high and 2 m in diameter.
- It grows well on chernozems, gray forest soils and light loams with neutral acidity. Soils should be with good moisture capacity and breathability.
Soil preparation and planting:
- The site is dug up - about a bayonet shovel inland.
- They dig a landing hole, given the size of the root system. Usually the side of the pit is 70 cm, the depth is 50 cm.
- They bring organic matter and mineral fertilizers. Humus or compost is laid on the bottom with a layer of 15 cm. Urea (20-30 g), superphosphate (30-35 g) and a glass of wood ash are added.
- After a certain time, a seedling is planted. If planting time is autumn, then a tree is planted in 15-20 days, when fertilizers nourish the soil.
- Mixing compost with a fertile soil layer (1: 1), they fill up a hole with a vertically placed seedling. When planting, it is important not to deepen the root neck - it should be located at a distance of 3-5 cm from the surface of the earth.
- Tightly compact the soil and tie the tree to the support.
- Make a side in a circle - so that the water does not pour out, and watered the seedling. Irrigation rate - about 15 liters. The soil is mulched.
It is better to plant yellow plum with one-year-old seedlings - they take root better and are less sick. The recommended landing time for most regions of Russia is spring. A seedling planted in the fall often does not have time to grow stronger before the onset of winter.
The subtleties of growing
Yellow plum, like any fruit tree, needs some care. But great efforts from the gardener will not be required - the plum refers to trees with a moderate laboriousness of care. Already 10 days after planting, the seedling is watered - if the weather is dry. One tree requires 20-30 liters of water. An autumn seedling does not require leaving until spring, but spring must be actively taken care of.
Plums live with good care up to 30 years. The most abundant crops are harvested at the age of 5-20 years. The most difficult years for a tree and a gardener are the first 4-5 years. But after two harvests, the plum will strengthen, and care for it will be minimal.
Watering and feeding
Features of watering yellow plums:
- Plum is a moisture-loving tree. She needs abundant and regular watering - 100-120 / 50-70 liters for adult / young trees.
- The last time the plum is watered in September.
- After watering, the soil is loosened. If mulch is used, loosening is not necessary. Trunk circles are mulched with sawdust, straw, needles, mowed grass, etc.
Feeding Features:
- Plum is rarely fed - on average once every 2-3 years.
- Nitrogen fertilizers are usually applied in the spring, and potash-phosphorus fertilizers in the fall. Norms are consistent with the age of the tree. Usually it is tens of grams per square meter.
- Organics are added even less often - once every 3-4 seasons. Do it in late autumn. Norm - 10-12 kg of humus per 1 square. m
Crown Care
Ways of forming a crown:
- Sparse-tiered. The growth is shortened, forming the crown of the desired shape. The branches directed to the center, as well as all the extra ones that thicken the crown, are removed. At a 4-year-old tree, 8-10 skeletal branches should be laid - for this, only strong shoots are left, which are 45 degrees apart from the stem. Shoots, on all tiers, are cut to 1/3.
- Vase-like. In the second year, the main conductor is stopped. Subsequently, the leading branches competing with the conductor are removed - in order to reduce the height of the crown. Then remove all unnecessary branches - located low, directed to the center and vertically, tops.
Correctly formed crowns transmit light well, and the tree gives large yields. In a healthy fruit-bearing tree, the growth per year is 40 cm. In early spring, these shoots are reduced by a third. If the growth is 25-30 cm, the tree does not have enough strength, it should be thinned out by sawing off the lower side branches to 2-3 year old wood. The growth of old trees is 10-15 cm. They need anti-aging pruning.
Adult plums are actively overgrown with root shoots. The processes take away strength from the tree, so they must be removed by digging the soil to the mother's roots - it is here that the shoots are cut off.
If you cut the shoot at the soil level, several new processes will appear in its place.
Root growth can be useful. Using these root cuttings, the plum can be propagated by digging them, and replanting to a new place.
Winter preparations
Young seedlings, especially annuals, need insulation:
- The branches of a young tree are collected in one "bunch".
- The tree is wrapped with foil or polyethylene.
- The trunk is dug up with earth, forming a cone 50-60 cm high.
Mature trees also need winter training - the branches are supported by supports so that they do not break off under the weight of the snow. The lower part of the tree is thrown with fallen snow.
There is another option for warming young seedlings:
- Collect branches in a panicle.
- They cover the tree with poles - to make a "house".
- The structure is heaped up with hay or covered with straw mats.
- They tie the structure with a rope.
When snow falls, an additional warming layer will appear. Such a construction reliably protects plum seedlings from frost, winds and sunburn. In winter, the trees face another scourge - rodents. To scare them away, peppermint is placed in the space between the poles.
The benefits of yellow plum
Yellow plum fruit is a valuable product widely used in cooking, medicine, and the food industry. They make molasses, jams, marmalade, seasonings for dishes, wines, and other alcoholic beverages.
There are a lot of yellow plums:
- vitamins - A, E, C, B1, B2, B5, B6, PP;
- mineral substances - potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, silicon and others;
- plant fiber.
Fruits, fresh and dried, have a lot of useful properties that make them attractive to consumers:
- protect vessels from cholesterol plaques;
- cleanse the intestines, improve its peristalsis;
- prevent atherosclerosis;
- lower blood pressure;
- strengthen immunity;
- normalize weight;
- stimulate the digestive tract;
- remove excess fluid;
- maintain visual acuity;
- rejuvenate the body;
- improve the condition of the skin, hair, nails;
- make up for iron deficiency.
Options for using yellow plum:
- The inclusion of unloading diets.
- Addition to nourishing, anti-aging and peeling masks.
- Drying, canning, cooking desserts.
Gardeners reviews
Mikhail R., Saratov. I have been growing plums for 30 years. I used to grow mostly blue and red varieties, but in recent years I have become interested in yellow fruit plums. The first thing I noticed - the productivity of other varieties - blue and red - increased. The second - the yellow varieties themselves are very productive, the branches are simply plastered with yellow plums. And the third - yellow varieties are very sweet and tasty, with a honey flavor.
Ksenia O., Kursk region At our dacha, we planted a yellow plum about 8 years ago - two trees of different varieties. One is Honey, the second is Kompotnaya. They took root perfectly, and after two years they already had plums. While they were small, they were insulated for the winter. Now the trees are strong, tall, steadily withstand all the vagaries of the weather. The honey taste is simply amazing, with it we collect about 50 kg of plums over the summer. It’s even difficult to process such a quantity, it’s good that we have a freezing chest - we freeze a significant part of the fruits.
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Yellow plum is a highly productive and unpretentious fruit tree with abundant harvests. Due to the simplicity of care, endurance and high immunity, yellow plum confidently win their place in private and farm gardens.
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Russia. City Novosibirsk
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